The Digital Divide and the Elderly: How Urban and Rural Realities Shape Well-Being and Social Inclusion in the Sardinian Context

Maria Grazia Diana, Maria Lidia Mascia (), Łukasz Tomczyk and Maria Pietronilla Penna
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Maria Grazia Diana: Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
Maria Lidia Mascia: Department of History, Humanities and Education, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Łukasz Tomczyk: Institute of Education, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
Maria Pietronilla Penna: Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 4, 1-22

Abstract: The Digital Grey Divide (DGD) is a phenomenon that refers to the digital inequality existing among the elderly in using digital tools. DGD could generate social exclusion and hinder elderly well-being because today many aspects of life are online. The objective of the research is to compare the urban and rural group to see if a digital divide is present and whether psychological and cognitive well-being can be predictors of usage. The research involved 100 elderly people (belonging to two different areas: one rural and one urban) aged 65 to 90 (M = 72.3; SD = 6.4) with intact cognitive functioning investigated by the MMSE test. A socio-anagraphic module to investigate digital use (DU), a questionnaire on cognitive reserve (CRIq), and a questionnaire investigating well-being (Ben-SSC) were administered. Results showed that the two groups differ in terms of access and use of digital tools (F = 28.34, p < 0.001), with the urban group reporting higher levels of access and use. Moreover, in the urban group, psychological well-being has an inverse relationship with digital, while in the rural group, the relationship between cognitive well-being and use is direct. Therefore, the study aims to highlight how even in developed countries there can be a digital divide (DD) given the risks of exclusion, particularly for the elderly population. For all these reasons, it is necessary to pursue interventions to achieve a higher level of digitalization and sustainable development among the population. Given the importance of this phenomenon, it is necessary to address the issue of DD in various spheres of life: political, social, economic and care.

Keywords: Digital Grey Divide; well-being; cognitive reserve; digital exclusion; predictors of digital usage; sustainability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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