Sustainable Insulating Materials for High-Voltage Equipment: Dielectric Properties of Green Synthesis-Based Nanofluids from Vegetable Oils

Abubakar Siddique, Muhammad Usama Shahid, Waseem Aslam (), Shahid Atiq, Mohammad R. Altimania, Hafiz Mudassir Munir (), Ievgen Zaitsev and Vladislav Kuchanskyy
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Abubakar Siddique: Department of Electrical & Biomedical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
Muhammad Usama Shahid: Department of Electrical & Biomedical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
Waseem Aslam: Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems, University of Sargodha (UOS), Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
Shahid Atiq: Department of Electrical & Biomedical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
Mohammad R. Altimania: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
Hafiz Mudassir Munir: Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan
Ievgen Zaitsev: Department of Theoretical Electrical Engineering and Diagnostics of Electrical Equipment, Institute of Electrodynamics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteyskiy, 56, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
Vladislav Kuchanskyy: Department of Power-Supply Systems Optimization, Institute of Electrodynamics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteyskiy, 56, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 4, 1-22

Abstract: This study aimed to develop a cost-effective, environmentally sustainable, and technologically advanced dielectric fluid by utilizing the beneficial properties of natural ester-based vegetable oils, offering a promising alternative for transformer insulation and cooling applications. The novelty of this research lies in the formulation of a nanofluid that combines three distinct vegetable oils—castor, flaxseed, and blackseed—creating a unique base fluid. SiO 2 nanoparticles were incorporated into the fluid to leverage their multiple advantageous characteristics. Extensive experiments were conducted to evaluate the superior properties of the proposed nanofluid, focusing on key dielectric properties, such as relative permittivity ( ε r ) and the dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ ). Comparative analyses with conventional mineral oil, which was used as a benchmark, demonstrated the significant advantages of the vegetable oil-based nanofluid. The novel formulation outperformed all other tested samples, highlighting its exceptional performance. Additionally, three preparation methods were examined, with the green synthesis technique producing the nanofluid with better dielectric properties. Through a detailed presentation of empirical data and compelling arguments, this study confirms the potential of natural ester-based vegetable oil nanofluids as a highly promising alternative, driven by their intrinsic properties and the environmentally friendly synthesis method employed.

Keywords: renewable insulating materials; high-voltage equipment; castor oil; flaxseed oil; blackseed oil; SiO 2; relative permittivity ( ? r ); dielectric dissipation factor (tan ? ); green synthesis (GS) method (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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