A Method for Calculating the Optimal Size of Energy Storage for a GENCO

Marin Mandić, Tonći Modrić () and Elis Sutlović
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Marin Mandić: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, R. Boškovića 32, 21000 Split, Croatia
Tonći Modrić: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, R. Boškovića 32, 21000 Split, Croatia
Elis Sutlović: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, R. Boškovića 32, 21000 Split, Croatia

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 5, 1-22

Abstract: Market liberalization and the growth of renewable energy sources have enabled the rise of generation companies (GENCOs) managing diverse generation portfolios, creating a dynamic market environment that necessitates innovative energy management strategies to enhance operational efficiency and economic viability. Investing in the energy storage system (ESS), which, in addition to participating in the energy and ancillary services markets and in joint operations with other GENCO facilities, can mitigate the fluctuation level from renewables and increase profits. Besides the optimal operation and bidding strategy, determining the optimal size of the ESS aligned with the GENCO’s requirements is significant for its market success. The purpose of the ESS impacts both the sizing criteria and the sizing techniques. The proposed sizing method of ESS for a GENCO daily operation mode is based on the developed optimization operation model of GENCO with utility-scale energy storage and a cost-benefit analysis. A GENCO operates in a market-oriented power system with possible penalties for undelivered energy. The proposed method considers various stochastic phenomena; therefore, the optimization calculations analyze the GENCO operation over a long period to involve multiple potential combinations of uncertainties. Numerical results validate the competencies of the presented optimization model despite many unpredictable parameters. The results showed that both the battery storage system and the pumped storage hydropower plant yield a higher net income for a specific GENCO with a mixed portfolio, regardless of the penalty clause. Considering the investment costs, the optimal sizes for both types of ESS were obtained.

Keywords: energy storage optimization; energy storage operation model; GENCO; renewable energy sources integration; energy storage sizing; market-oriented power system; economic and environmental sustainability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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