Topological Advances in Isolated DC–DC Converters: High-Efficiency Design for Renewable Energy Integration

Sergio Coelho (), Vitor Monteiro and Joao L. Afonso
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Sergio Coelho: ALGORITMI Research Centre/LASI, Department of Industrial Electronics, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
Vitor Monteiro: ALGORITMI Research Centre/LASI, Department of Industrial Electronics, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
Joao L. Afonso: ALGORITMI Research Centre/LASI, Department of Industrial Electronics, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 6, 1-40

Abstract: The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into medium-voltage (MV) and low-voltage (LV) power systems presents significant challenges in ensuring power grid stability and energy sustainability. Advanced power conversion technologies are essential to mitigate voltage and frequency fluctuations while meeting stringent power quality standards. RES-based generation systems typically employ multistage power electronics to achieve: (i) maximum power point tracking; (ii) galvanic isolation and voltage transformation; (iii) high-quality power injection into the power grid. In this context, this paper provides a comprehensive review of up-to-date isolated DC–DC converter topologies tailored for the integration of RES. As a contribution to support this topic, recent advancements in solid-state transformers (SSTs) are explored, with particular emphasis on the adoption of wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors technologies, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN). These devices have revolutionized modern power systems by enabling operation at a higher switching frequency, enhanced efficiency, and increased power density. By consolidating state-of-the-art advancements and identifying technical challenges, this review offers insights into the suitability of power converter topologies in light of future trends, serving as a valuable resource for optimizing grid-connected RES-based sustainable power systems.

Keywords: renewable energy; isolated DC–DC converter; solid-state transformer; high-frequency transformer; sustainable development (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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