An Examination of the Emissions, Cost, and Time of Intermodal Transportation

Kubilay Bayramoğlu (), Şaban Çelikoğlu and İshak Turan
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Kubilay Bayramoğlu: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67100, Turkey
Şaban Çelikoğlu: Department of Social Studies Education, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67300, Turkey
İshak Turan: Department of International Relations, Yalova University, Yalova 77200, Turkey

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 6, 1-16

Abstract: Deciding on appropriate transport modes is critical in terms of emissions, time, and cost. However, transport routes do not always allow for the selection of the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly modes of transport. Therefore, various modes of transportation must be used together to overcome these constraints. This study investigates the use of a combination of different transportation modes in container transport from Filyos in Turkey to Vienna. Constanța has been selected as the trans-shipment port on the transport route, and three distinct modes of transport have been used from Constanța to Vienna, including road, rail, and riverway. As a result of this study, the fuel consumption, CO 2 emissions, time, and cost for each intermodal transport type were evaluated comparatively. Although seaway transportation is advantageous in terms of emissions, cost, and fuel consumption, it is determined that road transport is more beneficial in terms of time. The maximum and minimum CO 2 emissions were calculated to be 2,107,124 tonnes and 365.6 tonnes for roadway and seaway transportation, respectively.

Keywords: intermodal transportation; CO 2 emissions; transportation routes; environmental impact; freight time (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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