Sustainable Energy Management: Energy Flow and Economic Analysis of Grape Production

Hadi Veisi (), Masoud Ghazvini, Korous Khoshbakht and Alireza Shahmohammadi
Additional contact information
Hadi Veisi: College of Nature Resource, University of Wisconsin Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA
Masoud Ghazvini: Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
Korous Khoshbakht: Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
Alireza Shahmohammadi: Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963113, Iran

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 6, 1-16

Abstract: The efficiency of energy flow and the economic viability of agricultural systems are foundational pillars of sustainable energy management and development. This study applies the energy pyramid framework to evaluate energy flow efficiency and conduct an economic analysis to explore the viability of grape production systems in Takestan County, Qazvin, Iran. Data were collected from 220 grape-growers during the 2020–2021 period. Results indicated that fertilizers and electricity were the major energy inputs, comprising 36.51% and 20.12% of total energy use, respectively. The energy ratio and energy productivity were estimated at 5.81 and 0.49 kg MJ −1 . Non-renewable and indirect energy sources constituted 58.16% and 63.29% of the total energy, respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed that human labor had the highest marginal physical productivity due to the labor-intensive practices of grape production systems. To enhance economic viability, it is recommended to match energy usage to specific operational requirements and maximize system efficiency. These strategies increase labor productivity by streamlining processes and reducing inefficiencies, while optimizing energy inputs to ensure their effective utilization in production activities.

Keywords: energy pyramid; energy management; econometric model; sensitivity analysis; GIS (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/6/2372/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/6/2372/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:6:p:2372-:d:1608013

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().