The Nexus of Industrial–Urban Sustainability, the Circular Economy, and Climate–Ecosystem Resilience: A Synthesis

Yee Keong Choy (), Ayumi Onuma and Khai Ern Lee
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Yee Keong Choy: Faculty of Economics, Keio University, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
Ayumi Onuma: Faculty of Economics, Keio University, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
Khai Ern Lee: Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), National University of Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 6, 1-47

Abstract: Circular economic strategies have been widely deployed across the world to decouple industrial–urban growth from resource use and carbon emissions, aiming to mitigate environmental degradation. Despite these efforts, the global circularity gap has widened, and widespread crisis-ridden environmental repercussions continue to drive our planetary system closer to ecosystem collapse and climate breakdown. This article critically analyzes this circularity paradox based on an integrated conceptual framework grounded in environmental economic principles, system theory, the laws of thermodynamics, and empirical case studies. The analysis elucidates the macro-level dynamics and intricate feedback mechanisms between industrial–urban systems and environmental systems, revealing the underlying ecological conflicts and environmental forces that drive deleterious changes in ecosystems and the climate system. These changes causally impede sustainable industrial–urban development. The findings underscore that addressing environmental threats to industrial–urban sustainability requires not only enhancing the efficient use and sustainable management of natural resources but, more importantly, prioritizing the preservation and restoration of ecosystem resilience and climate system stability.

Keywords: circular economy; industrial–urban sustainability; climate–ecosystem resilience; economic efficiency; resource efficiency; industrial–urban metabolism; systems thinking (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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