Collaboration and Resource Sharing for the Multi-Depot Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Dynamic Customer Demands

Yong Wang, Can Chen, Yuanhan Wei (), Yuanfan Wei and Haizhong Wang
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Yong Wang: School of Economics and Management, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
Can Chen: School of Economics and Management, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
Yuanhan Wei: School of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Yuanfan Wei: School of Economics and Management, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
Haizhong Wang: School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 6, 1-38

Abstract: With increasingly diverse customer demands and the rapid growth of the new energy logistics industry, establishing a sustainable and responsive logistics network is critical. In a multi-depot logistics network, adopting collaborative distribution and resource sharing can significantly improve operational efficiency. This study proposes collaboration and resource sharing for a multi-depot electric vehicle (EV) routing problem with time windows and dynamic customer demands. A bi-objective optimization model is formulated to minimize the total operating costs and the number of EVs. To solve the model, a novel hybrid algorithm combining a mini-batch k -means clustering algorithm with an improved multi-objective differential evolutionary algorithm (IMODE) is proposed. This algorithm integrates genetic operations and a non-dominated sorting operation to enhance the solution quality. The strategies for dynamically inserting customer demands and charging stations are embedded within the algorithm to identify Pareto-optimal solutions effectively. The algorithm’s efficacy and applicability are verified through comparisons with the multi-objective genetic algorithm, the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, multi-objective ant colony optimization, and a multi-objective tabu search. Additionally, a case study of a new energy logistics company in Chongqing City, China demonstrates that the proposed method significantly reduces the logistics operating costs and improves logistics network efficiency. Sensitivity analysis considering different dynamic customer demand response modes and distribution strategies provides insights for reducing the total operating costs and enhancing distribution efficiency. The findings offer essential insights for promoting an environmentally sustainable and resource-efficient city.

Keywords: dynamic demands; multi-depot electric vehicle routing problem; charging station insertion strategy; IMODE algorithm; Pareto-optimal solution (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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