The Effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Disclosure on the Profitability of Saudi-Listed Firms: Insights from Saudi Vision 2030

Nadia Bushra Mohammed Ali, Hiba Awad Alla Ali Hussin, Howaida Mohammed Fadol Mohammed, Khaled Abd Alaziz Hassan Mohmmed, Amjad Abdullah S. Almutiri and Mohamed Ali Ali ()
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Nadia Bushra Mohammed Ali: Department of Finance, Faculty of Business, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
Hiba Awad Alla Ali Hussin: Department of Finance, Faculty of Business, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
Howaida Mohammed Fadol Mohammed: Department of Management Information System, Faculty of Business, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al-Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
Khaled Abd Alaziz Hassan Mohmmed: Department of Economics Applied College, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
Amjad Abdullah S. Almutiri: College of Business Administration Financial Management, University of Hafar Al-Batin Saudi, Hafar Al-Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Ali Ali: Department of Finance, College of Business Administration in Hawtat bani Tamim, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 7, 1-25

Abstract: This study investigates the influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure on the profitability of Saudi-listed non-financial firms in the context of Saudi Vision 2030. The study uses a sample of 100 non-financial organizations from 2019 to 2023 (500 firm-year observations). This study uses panel data analysis and a random-effects regression model to examine the relationship between ESG disclosure and firm profitability as assessed by return on assets (ROA). To assess ESG disclosure, this study developed a comprehensive ESG disclosure index based on worldwide ESG guidelines and Saudi-related regulations. The regression results show a significantly positive relationship between ESG disclosure and firm profitability, emphasizing the financial benefits of corporate transparency and sustainability. This finding is consistent with the stakeholder theory, implying that firms with strong ESG commitments boost investor trust, improve risk management, and increase operational efficiency. Thus, this study adds to the ESG literature by presenting empirical evidence from Saudi Arabia, a growing country that is undergoing regulatory transition. Additionally, this study’s notable contribution is the development of a comprehensive ESG disclosure index tailored for the Saudi corporate landscape, integrating global reporting standards with local regulatory requirements. This index enhances the assessment of ESG transparency and offers a thorough tool for examining business sustainability strategies. The results offer substantial insights for policymakers, investors, and corporate leaders, emphasizing the significance of ESG in sustainable financial performance.

Keywords: environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure; firm profitability; Saudi Vision 2030; disclosure index (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:7:p:2977-:d:1621965

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