Environmentally Sustainable Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries Derived from Cattle Bone Waste: A Full-Cell Analysis with a LiFePO 4 Cathode

Muhammad Shajih Zafar, Pejman Salimi (), Marco Ricci, Jasim Zia and Remo Proietti Zaccaria ()
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Muhammad Shajih Zafar: Italian Institute of Technology, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
Pejman Salimi: Italian Institute of Technology, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
Marco Ricci: Italian Institute of Technology, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
Jasim Zia: Department of Engineering for Innovation, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Remo Proietti Zaccaria: Italian Institute of Technology, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 7, 1-14

Abstract: Modern society relies heavily on energy, driving global research into sustainable energy storage and conversion technologies. Concurrently, the increasing volume of waste generated by industrial and commercial activities emphasizes the need for effective waste management strategies. Carbonization emerges as a promising solution, converting waste into energy and valuable end products such as biochar. This study explores an approach for valorizing bone-based food waste, presenting innovative pathways for managing the escalating issue of food waste. We investigate carbon derived from cattle bone waste, carbonized at 800 °C (CBW8), to design sustainable full-cell lithium-ion batteries (FLIBs). FLIBs featuring CBW8 as the anode material and LiFePO 4 as the cathode exhibit exceptional cycling life, even at high current rates. The cell demonstrates a high specific capacity of 165 mAh g −1 at 0.5 C, maintaining stable performance over 1800 cycles at various C-rates. This work not only advances the field of sustainable energy and waste management, but also opens new avenues for eco-friendly technological applications.

Keywords: biochar; energy storage; Li-ion batteries; waste management (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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