Aligning National Protected Areas with Global Norms: A Four-Step Analysis of Türkiye’s Conservation Laws

Arife Eymen Karabulut () and Özlem Özçevik
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Arife Eymen Karabulut: Department of City and Regional Planning, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34367, Türkiye
Özlem Özçevik: Department of City and Regional Planning, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34367, Türkiye

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 8, 1-26

Abstract: The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) conducts critical international studies and offers recommendations on the sustainable conservation, use, and management of protected areas worldwide by setting targets within the framework of the Nature 2030 goals and the Green List standards. These initiatives are essential for protecting designated areas and encouraging their use through nature-based and community-based solutions. The success of implementing these solutions depends on the effectiveness of the local legal regulations that are currently in place. This article argues that developing a common language and norms between global and national conservation frameworks, along with the efficiency of the national legal framework, plays a crucial role in facilitating the goals of the protection, use, and management of global protected areas. This study evaluates how the reflections and presence of IUCN’s globally significant targets are addressed within Türkiye’s national legal framework and policy level. The article evaluates global and national legal texts in Türkiye for social, environmental, and economic sustainability, comparing them with the Nature 2030 and Green List standards through methodologies such as word matching, comparison, and compatibility analysis. For the development of laws and policies that align with Türkiye’s global goals for the protection, use, and governance of protected areas regarding language and normative standards unity, the article highlights the importance of nature- and community-based national policy norms in achieving global protected area targets. The article’s results highlight the absence of community-based norms such as participation, governance, transparency, and equality, despite international consensus on norms like planning, area management, and the rule of law for the effective management of protected areas in Türkiye.

Keywords: protected area; nature conservation area; protected area laws; conservation laws; Green List; Nature 2030; Türkiye; sustainability conservation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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