Seasonal Dynamics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Wetland Plants: Implications for Efficient Eutrophication Control

Keyang Wu, Lin Chen, Qian Wang (), Yuanyuan Li, Yu Zheng, Qihao Ma, Haiyang Li, Yu Zhang and Fengmin Li ()
Additional contact information
Keyang Wu: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Lin Chen: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Qian Wang: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Yuanyuan Li: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Yu Zheng: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Qihao Ma: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Haiyang Li: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Yu Zhang: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Fengmin Li: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 8, 1-25

Abstract: Eutrophication challenges aquatic ecosystems, with wetland plants serving as sustainable sources of in situ remediation for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal. The limited understanding of seasonal nutrient dynamics hinders sustainable management development. This review classifies wetland plants by growth patterns: spring–summer growth plants (SSPs), spring–summer–autumn growth plants (SSAPs), and all-year-round growth plants (APs). SSPs exhibit peak N/P in spring–summer, SSAPs sustain high levels in autumn, while APs maintain stable contents through cold-tolerant sustainability. Perennials achieve sustainable cycling by seasonally storing N/P in tissues and redistributing them in spring. We propose the following sustainable harvesting protocols: harvest SSPs pre-September, SSAPs by November, and retain APs over winter. Height-controlled harvesting during growth peaks enhances removal while preserving regeneration. Strategic combinations of SSPs, SSAPs, and APs ensure sustainable, efficient nutrient removal across hydrological/climatic conditions, supporting wetland conservation.

Keywords: wetland plants; sustainable; nitrogen; phosphorus; seasonal dynamics; multiple harvests; timely harvest; combined planting (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/8/3443/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/8/3443/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:8:p:3443-:d:1633403

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().