Assessing Regional Health and Environmental Outcomes Using Weighted Neutrosophic Similarity Measures: A Benchmarking Approach for Sustainable Development

Subbiah Vinoth, Venkateswarlu Nalluri (), Sudam Sekhar Panda, Guravaiah Bandi, Naveen Kumar Bheemaiah Nagaraju and Savithri Vijayakumar
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Subbiah Vinoth: Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
Venkateswarlu Nalluri: Department of Information Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City 413310, Taiwan
Sudam Sekhar Panda: Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
Guravaiah Bandi: Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
Naveen Kumar Bheemaiah Nagaraju: Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
Savithri Vijayakumar: Department of Sciences and Humanities (Mathematics), Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamilnadu, India

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 8, 1-24

Abstract: Humanity faces significant challenges in achieving internationally agreed sustainable development goals, particularly in reducing public health risks and improving the environmental quality. Measuring and comparing performance across regions requires a systematic and transparent framework. This study explores the application of sustainable development indicators, including a mortality rate attributed to exposure to unsafe WASH services (SDG 3.9.2), a mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution (SDG 3.9.1), and a mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning to assess regional health outcomes. Using data from 50 countries across five sub-regions of Asia, this research applies a weighted neutrosophic similarity measure based on the Hausdorff metric to evaluate regional alignment with an ideal benchmark. The results reveal significant disparities across regions, highlighting Central Asia as the closest to the benchmark, while South and West Asia exhibit substantial gaps. These findings provide actionable insights for policymakers to improve public health infrastructure and address environmental challenges, promoting equitable and sustainable development.

Keywords: sustainable development; public health indicators; neutrosophic soft sets; weighted similarity measure; WHO; SDG 3.9; regional assessment; decision-making (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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