Power Feasible Region Modeling and Voltage Support Control for V2G Charging Station Under Grid Fault Conditions

Jinxin Ouyang (), Ang Li, Yanbo Diao and Fei Huang
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Jinxin Ouyang: The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Ang Li: The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Yanbo Diao: Modern Property Management Department, Chongqing City Management College, Chongqing 401331, China
Fei Huang: The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 8, 1-17

Abstract: The charging station (CS) is generally directly off-grid under a grid fault, which has become a key technical bottleneck that restricts the sustainable development of new energy transportation systems. During a grid fault, the CS under the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode experiences a reduction in active power due to the current limitation of the voltage source converter (VSC), which may cause the DC voltage to exceed its limitations under unbalanced power. The effect of the active and reactive power of CS in low- and medium-voltage distribution networks on supporting the PCC voltage under the limitation of DC voltage and VSC current has not been analyzed, and a control method for PCC voltage support for CS has not been established. Therefore, a power boundary that avoids the DC overvoltage and AC overcurrent of the CS is defined. A power feasible region for the CS considering fault duration is established. The characteristic that the power feasible region shrinks with the increase in duration is found, and a calculation method for the critical clearing time of a fault to avoid DC overvoltage is proposed. The relationship between PCC voltage and power injected by the CS is analyzed. The property that the control point of maximum voltage support lies at the boundary of the power feasible region is revealed. A control method of PCC voltage support that considers the limitation of DC voltage and VSC current for the CS is proposed. Simulation verification shows that the support capability of CS for PCC voltage during a fault is significantly enhanced by the proposed method while securing the DC voltage.

Keywords: electric vehicle charging station; DC voltage; voltage support; power feasible region; low- and medium-voltage distribution networks (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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