Sustainable Investment Strategy: A Fuzzy Nonlinear Multi-Objective Programming for Taiwan’s Solar Photovoltaic Billboards

Yu-Feng Lin ()
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Yu-Feng Lin: Department of International Trade, Chihlee University of Technology, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 9, 1-23

Abstract: In Taiwan, large advertising billboards on commercial buildings consume significant energy, exacerbating environmental challenges and straining sustainability efforts. This study explores the potential of rooftop solar photovoltaic systems (SPVS) to power these billboards, offering a dual solution for energy reduction and financial viability. Using a fuzzy nonlinear multi-objective programming approach, the research demonstrates that SPVS investments become profitable by the ninth year (0.7232% return), rising to 5.4463% by the twentieth year, while a 26-day reduction in construction time cuts carbon emissions by 223.11 kg. The innovative Revenue–Time–Cost–Quality–Carbon Emissions (RTCQCE) framework balances economic gains with environmental benefits, leveraging advertising revenue to fund SPVS. This model bridges a research gap by integrating financial and ecological factors, providing a practical tool for sustainable urban development in Taiwan.

Keywords: mitigating carbon emissions; decisions analysis; fuzzy nonlinear multi-objective programming model; fuzzy modified internal rate of return; advertising billboard (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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