Research on the Driving Factors and Trade-Offs/Synergies of Woodland Ecosystem Services in Zhangjiajie City, China

Shuangfei Zhao, Wei Zeng (), Qian Yang and Rong Zheng
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Shuangfei Zhao: College of National Park & Tourism, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
Wei Zeng: School of Design Arts, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
Qian Yang: College of National Park & Tourism, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
Rong Zheng: College of National Park & Tourism, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 9, 1-30

Abstract: Research on woodland ecosystem services is the premise of the formulation of regional woodland policies and ecological protection measures in a new round of woodland protection utilization planning. Based on remote-sensing images and socioeconomic data, this study used the InVEST model, geographical detectors, Spearman correlation analysis, and a coupling coordination degree model to evaluate the spatiotemporal changes, driving factors, and trade-off/synergies relationship of habitat quality (HQ), soil conservation (SC), water conservation (WC), and carbon storage (CS) in the woodland of Zhangjiajie City in 1995, 2005, 2015, and 2022. The results show the following: (1) HQ significantly decreased, SC and WC fluctuated and decreased, and CS continued to increase. (2) Natural factors were predominant, and other factors and natural factors interact to increase the driving effect. (3) The four services were dominated by weak synergy, but SC and CS turned into weak trade-offs in 2022. These research results can provide theoretical support for the optimization of the tourism development model, the formulation of ecological compensation policies, and the high-quality sustainable development of woodland in Zhangjiajie City, and provide a case study of the ecological management of world natural heritage sites.

Keywords: woodland ecosystem services; trade-offs/synergies; driving factors; InVEST model; Zhangjiajie City (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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