A Hybrid Framework for Integrating Native Flora in City Branding: Synthesizing Plant Scheme for FIFA World Cup 2034 Host Cities

Khalid Al-Hagla () and Ali Al-Sulbi
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Khalid Al-Hagla: Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Architecture and Planning, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
Ali Al-Sulbi: Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Architecture and Planning, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 9, 1-22

Abstract: City branding is crucial for shaping urban identity and global stature. Hosting the FIFA World Cup 2034 in Saudi Arabia across Riyadh, Jeddah, Al Khobar, Abha, and Neom offers a chance to infuse ecological, cultural, and aesthetic elements into urban landscapes. This study introduces a hybrid framework for plant scheme design that blends native, adaptive, and ornamental species to enhance biodiversity and visual appeal. It analyzes case studies from Expo 2020 Dubai, Sydney Olympic Park, and Gardens by the Bay, demonstrating how landscape architecture can unite sustainability with cultural and aesthetic values. The application in Saudi Arabia’s cities customizes plant choices to local climates and cultural contexts, with a focus on Al Khobar showing successful integration of coastal resilience and heritage. This approach provides a scalable, scientifically grounded method for incorporating ecological and cultural elements into cityscapes, promoting sustainable urban development during global events.

Keywords: city branding; FIFA World Cup 2034; landscape architecture; Al Khobar; KSA (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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