Integrating Strategies Aimed at Biodiversity and Water Resource Sustainability in the Amazonian Region

Samuel Carvalho De Benedicto, Regina Márcia Longo, Denise Helena Lombardo Ferreira, Cibele Roberta Sugahara, Admilson Írio Ribeiro, Juan Arturo Castañeda-Ayarza () and Luiz Henrique Vieira da Silva
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Samuel Carvalho De Benedicto: Postgraduate Program in Sustainability, School of Economics and Business, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas 13087-571, Brazil
Regina Márcia Longo: Postgraduate Program in Urban Infrastructure System, Polytechnic School, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas 13087-571, Brazil
Denise Helena Lombardo Ferreira: Postgraduate Program in Sustainability, School of Economics and Business, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas 13087-571, Brazil
Cibele Roberta Sugahara: Postgraduate Program in Sustainability, School of Economics and Business, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas 13087-571, Brazil
Admilson Írio Ribeiro: Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Sorocaba 18087-180, Brazil
Juan Arturo Castañeda-Ayarza: Postgraduate Program in Sustainability, School of Economics and Business, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas 13087-571, Brazil
Luiz Henrique Vieira da Silva: Center for Environmental Studies and Research (NEPAM), State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-859, Brazil

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 9, 1-21

Abstract: The Amazonian region comprises a set of ecosystems that play an essential role in stabilizing global climate and regulating carbon and water cycles. However, several environmental issues of anthropogenic origin threaten climate stability in this region: agribusiness, illegal mining, illegal timber exports, pesticide use, and biopiracy, among others. These actions lead to deforestation, soil erosion, fauna biodiversity loss, water resource contamination, land conflicts, violence against indigenous peoples, and epidemics. The present study aims to feature the current degradation process faced by the Amazonian biome and identify strategic alternatives based on science to inhibit and minimize the degradation of its biodiversity and water resources. This applied research, based on a systematic review, highlighted the complexity, fragility, and importance of the functioning of the Amazonian ecosystem. Although activities such as mining and agriculture notoriously cause soil degradation, this research focused on the scenarios of biodiversity and water resource degradation. The dynamics of the current Amazon degradation process associated with human activity and climate change advancement were also described. Ultimately, the study emphasizes that, given the invaluable importance of the Amazon’s biodiversity and natural resources for global climate balance and food and water security, anthropogenic threats endanger its sustainability. Beyond the well-known human-induced impacts on the forest and life, the findings highlight the need for strategies that integrate forest conservation, sustainable land management, and public policies focused on the region’s sustainable development. These strategies, supported by partnerships, include reducing deforestation and burning, promoting environmental education, engaging local communities, enforcing public policies, and conducting continuous monitoring using satellite remote sensing technology.

Keywords: Amazon; biodiversity; water resources; social and environmental impacts; integrative review (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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