‘ I Feel Like the Most Important Thing Is to Ensure That Women Feel Included… ’: Immigrant Women’s Experiences of Integration and Gender Equality in Iceland During Times of Crisis

Marya Rozanova-Smith (), Embla Eir Oddsdóttir and Andrey N. Petrov
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Marya Rozanova-Smith: Department of Geography and Environment, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
Embla Eir Oddsdóttir: Icelandic Arctic Cooperation Network, 600 Akureyri, Iceland
Andrey N. Petrov: ARCTICenter, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50613, USA

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 9, 1-30

Abstract: Enabling gender equality by empowering women to fully engage in modern society is fundamental for building resilient and sustainable communities. While Iceland is recognized as a global leader in gender equality, the experiences of various immigrant groups can differ considerably, especially during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery. Given the rapid increase in the immigrant population in Iceland, it is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of the processes surrounding immigrant women’s integration strategies, with an emphasis on gender equality through the lens of intersectionality. The main objective of this qualitative study is to explore the gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on female immigrants by examining how intersecting identities—including gender, ethnicity, religion, motherhood, and immigration status—shape their integration experiences in Iceland. Focusing on small, remote urban and rural communities in the Northeastern Region of Iceland (Norðurland eystra), this study draws on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with immigrant women conducted in 2022 and 2023, using both strength-based and deficit analyses. The study reveals key constraints and strengths in the integration of immigrant women, examined through the lens of underlying and pandemic-driven factors influencing immigrant women’s experiences in personal and social domains of integration. The findings indicate that, despite government gender equality standards and support programs, as well as the considerable resilience demonstrated by immigrant women during the pandemic, they continue to encounter significant barriers to achieving full integration. The findings suggest that acknowledging immigrant women as important constituents in policy development is a crucial step toward formulating and implementing more comprehensive, gender-responsive, and locally adaptive decentralized integration policies. Such policies are vital for securing Iceland’s long-term social sustainability and reinforcing its stature as a global leader in gender equality.

Keywords: immigrant women; integration policy; gender equality; Iceland; the COVID-19 pandemic (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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