Integrating Energy Storage Technologies with Renewable Energy Sources: A Pathway Toward Sustainable Power Grids

Farhan H. Malik, Ghulam A. Hussain (), Yahia M. S. Alsmadi, Zunaib M. Haider, Wathiq Mansoor and Matti Lehtonen
Additional contact information
Farhan H. Malik: Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Abu Dhabi Polytechnic, Abu Dhabi 13232, United Arab Emirates
Ghulam A. Hussain: College of Engineering and IT, University of Dubai, Dubai 14143, United Arab Emirates
Yahia M. S. Alsmadi: Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Abu Dhabi Polytechnic, Abu Dhabi 13232, United Arab Emirates
Zunaib M. Haider: Department of Electrical Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
Wathiq Mansoor: College of Engineering and IT, University of Dubai, Dubai 14143, United Arab Emirates
Matti Lehtonen: School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 9, 1-32

Abstract: The fact that electricity needs to be consumed at the same moment it is generated makes it very complicated to match supply and demand at all times. With the evolution of more and more intermittent renewable energy sources in the system, it has become more challenging to meet demand and supply in real time, hence the demand for energy storage systems to optimize energy costs and ease grid operations. The need for these systems arises because of the intermittency and uncontrollable production of wind, solar, and tidal energy sources. Therefore, a storage system that can store energy produced from renewable energy sources and then convert it into electrical energy when required is highly needed. Modern energy storage technologies play a pivotal role in the storage of energy produced through unconventional methods. This review paper discusses technical details and features of various types of energy storage systems and their capabilities of integration into the power grid. An analysis of various energy storage systems being utilized in the power grid is also presented. A review of a technology would be incomplete without the study of its ramifications for the environment. Therefore, the effect of various energy storage technologies on the environment is also a part of this comprehensive study.

Keywords: energy storage; pumped hydro energy storage; compressed air energy; nickel batteries; flow batteries; fuel cells; thermal energy storage; metal air batteries; flywheel energy storage (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/9/4097/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/9/4097/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:9:p:4097-:d:1647880

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().