Towards More Sustainable Ironmaking—An Analysis of Energy Wood Availability in Finland and the Economics of Charcoal Production

Hannu Suopajärvi and Timo Fabritius
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Hannu Suopajärvi: Laboratory of Process Metallurgy, University of Oulu, Oulu, PO BOX 4300, FI-90014, Finland
Timo Fabritius: Laboratory of Process Metallurgy, University of Oulu, Oulu, PO BOX 4300, FI-90014, Finland

Sustainability, 2013, vol. 5, issue 3, 1-20

Abstract: Replacement of fossil carbon by renewable biomass-based carbon is an effective measure to mitigate CO 2 emission intensity in the blast furnace ironmaking process. Depending on the substitution rate of fossil fuels, the required amount of biomass can be substantial. This raises questions about the availability of biomass for multiple uses. At the same time, the economic competitiveness of biomass-based fuels in ironmaking applications should also be a key consideration. In this assessment, availability of energy wood, i.e. , logging residues, small-diameter wood and stumps, in Finland is discussed. Since biomass must be submitted to a thermochemical process before use in a blast furnace, the paper describes the production chain, from biomass to charcoal, and economics related to each processing step. The economics of biomass-based reducing agents is compared to fossil-based ones by taking into account the effect of European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The assessment reveals that there would be sufficient amounts of energy wood available for current users as well as for ironmaking. At present, the economics of biomass-based reducing agents in ironmaking applications is unfavorable. High CO 2 emission allowance prices would be required to make such a scheme competitive against fossil-based reducing agents at current fuel prices.

Keywords: blast furnace; ironmaking; forest chips; reducing agent; charcoal; economics; CO 2 emission allowance price (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2013
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (15)

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