Synergistic Effects of n -Hexane Fraction of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Bark Extract and Selected Antibiotics on Bacterial Isolates

Oluwatayo E. Abioye, David A. Akinpelu and Anthony I. Okoh
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Oluwatayo E. Abioye: SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X314, Alice 5700, South Africa
David A. Akinpelu: Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
Anthony I. Okoh: SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X314, Alice 5700, South Africa

Sustainability, 2017, vol. 9, issue 2, 1-16

Abstract: The incidence of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents by microbial pathogens demands increased effort in the development of effective ways of treating infections and diseases. The n -hexane fraction of lyophilized crude bark extract of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) was prepared and, in combination with selected antibiotics, assayed for antimicrobial activity against some selected bacterial pathogens using time-kill assay. Protein leakage analysis of the combined agents was performed using Bradford protein quantification method. Determination of active compounds present in the n -hexane fraction was done using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). While time-kill assay detected 43.33% synergy; 56.67% indifference and no antagonism at 1/2 × minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 1 × MIC exhibited 55% synergy, 45% indifference and no antagonism. Protein leakages from the cells of selected bacteria ranged from 1.20 µg/mL to 256.93 µg/mL. The presence of a phenyl group, an aromatic ring and phenolic compounds in the n -hexane fraction was confirmed at 2162 cm −1 –2020 cm −1 , 1605 cm −1 –1533 cm −1 and 1438 cm −1 –1444 cm −1 spectra peaks, respectively. The observed antibiotic− n -hexane fraction synergistic interaction revealed the improved antibacterial activity of the selected antibiotics. Hence, exploration of a combination of antibiotics with plant secondary metabolites is hereby advocated in the global quest for means of combating infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Keywords: synergy; antimicrobial; pathogens; n -hexane fraction; time-kill assay; protein leakage; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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