Elucidating Well-Being Measurement from the Wellness Perspective of Religious Travelers

Siti Hasnah Hassan (), Thurasamy Ramayah and Muhammad Imran Qureshi
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Siti Hasnah Hassan: School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
Thurasamy Ramayah: School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
Muhammad Imran Qureshi: Teesside University International Business School, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK

World, 2023, vol. 4, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: The holistic conceptions of multi-dimensional well-being that synergize the constructs that capture all elements of the well-being of travelers are lacking in current literature. This study aims to develop an instrument to measure religious travelers’ well-being based on multi-dimensional well-being from the perspective of Muslim travelers who traveled to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to perform Umrah to gauge their level of well-being. The scale development technique was employed by creating, refining, and validating the instrument. The final survey instrument, which was administered using a purposive snowball sampling procedure, featured 30 items representing six dimensions of well-being. The final dataset included 202 Muslims who traveled to perform Umrah and were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using AMOS 21.0 software. Four low-loading items were removed, leaving 26 items with a satisfactory model fit that covered six wellness dimensions: physical, spiritual, emotional, social, intellectual, and financial well-being. The findings contribute to the literature on religious tourism by providing an in-depth description of the experience of a religious pilgrimage for Muslims and their subsequent sense of fulfillment. The newly constructed instrument is believed to provide a more comprehensive view on well-being, allowing for a more nuanced assessment of a traveler’s well-being upon return.

Keywords: well-being; wheel of wellness; wellness dimensions; religious tourism; religious traveler; Umrah traveler; scale development (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: G15 G17 G18 L21 L22 L25 L26 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 R51 R52 R58 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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