Urban Heat Island and Environmental Degradation Analysis Utilizing a Remote Sensing Technique in Rapidly Urbanizing South Asian Cities

Md Tanvir Miah, Jannatun Nahar Fariha, Pankaj Kanti Jodder, Abdulla Al Kafy, Raiyan Raiyan, Salima Ahamed Usha, Juvair Hossan and Khan Rubayet Rahaman ()
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Md Tanvir Miah: Urban and Rural Planning Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
Jannatun Nahar Fariha: Urban and Rural Planning Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
Pankaj Kanti Jodder: Department of Earth, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28213, USA
Abdulla Al Kafy: Department of Geography & the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
Raiyan Raiyan: Urban and Rural Planning Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
Salima Ahamed Usha: Urban and Rural Planning Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
Juvair Hossan: Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
Khan Rubayet Rahaman: Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, St. Mary’s University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada

World, 2024, vol. 5, issue 4, 1-31

Abstract: Rapid urbanization in South Asian cities has triggered significant changes in land use and land cover (LULC), degrading natural biophysical components and intensifying urban heat islands (UHIs). This study investigated the impact of LULC changes on land surface temperature (LST) and the role of biophysical indicators in enhancing urban resilience to thermal extremes. We used Landsat satellite imageries from 1993 to 2023, conducted a comprehensive analysis of LULC changes, and estimated LST variations at 6-year intervals in the Dhaka, Gazipur, and Narayanganj districts in Bangladesh. Afterward, we performed statistical analysis upon employing correlation, regression, and principal component analysis (PCA) techniques to summarize information. The results reveal that 339.13 km 2 worth of urban expansion has occurred in last 30 years, with an average annual growth rate of 3.5%, accompanied by a substantial reduction in water bodies (−139.17 km 2 ) and vegetation cover. Consequently, summer temperatures exceeded approximately 36.52 °C in dense urban areas. Also, the results highlighted the strong influence of built-up areas (BSI and SAVI) on LST, while vegetation (NDVI) and water indices (NDWI) exhibited a negative association. The findings emphasize the urgency of integrating green infrastructure and deploying sustainable urban planning policies to mitigate the potential adverse impacts of scattered urbanization in the face of climate change.

Keywords: surface temperature; biophysical indicators; resilience; remote sensing; sustainable urban planning (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: G15 G17 G18 L21 L22 L25 L26 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 R51 R52 R58 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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