A Hybrid Predictive Framework for Zika Dynamics Using the Normalized Caputo–Fabrizio Operator

Ramsha Shafqat and Ateq Alsaadi

Journal of Mathematics, 2026, vol. 2026, 1-18

Abstract: We create and test a Zika transmission model that includes vector-borne, sexual, and vertical channels under seasonal forcing and a fixed pregnancy-to-birth delay. All human and vector compartments are modeled using the normalized Caputo–Fabrizio (NCF) fractional derivative, allowing for nonsingular memory effects while maintaining classical initial conditions. Casting the system into an equivalent Volterra form, we establish existence by Schauder’s fixed-point theorem and uniqueness on finite horizons under a Lipschitz–time contraction LT

Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hin:jjmath:4681248

DOI: 10.1155/jom/4681248

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