Role of Wind and Fear on the Dynamic of a Prey and Two Competing Predators

Rasha A. Ali and Hiba Abdullah Ibrahim

Journal of Applied Mathematics, 2025, vol. 2025, 1-28

Abstract: An essential tool for studying the web is its ability to show how energy moves through an ecosystem. Understanding and elucidating the relationship between species variety and their placement within the inclusive trophic dynamics is also beneficial. A food web ecological model with prey and two rival predators under fear and wind flow conditions is developed in this article. The boundedness and positivity of the system’s solution are established mathematically. The stability and existence constraints of the system’s equilibria are examined. The proposed system’s persistence limitations are established. Additionally, the bifurcation analysis of every potential equilibrium is examined using the Sotomayor theorem. To describe the dynamical behavior of the proposed system, inclusive numerical simulations are performed using MATLAB software (version R2018b). This article aims to recognize the effect of fear and wind flow on the dynamics of this ecosystem. It was found that the high levels of fear caused the decrease of the predators, and the bistable state appeared while rising levels of wind flow caused the extinction of the predators.

Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hin:jnljam:3756733

DOI: 10.1155/jama/3756733

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