The Effect of Fear and Refuge on the Dynamics of a Predator–Prey Model Incorporating Disease in Predator

Roaa Hatem Talib and Raid Kamel Naji

Journal of Applied Mathematics, 2025, vol. 2025, 1-19

Abstract: Considering the importance of ecosystems from an economic and biological point of view, a new ecological model consisting of prey and a predator with an infectious disease in the presence of fear of predation and refuge has been proposed and studied. The research is aimed at studying these factors’ influence on the predator–prey system’s dynamic behavior in the presence of infectious diseases. The system’s solution properties and limitations were studied. All the necessary conditions for the system’s stability locally and globally are calculated using various mathematical methods. The possibility of local bifurcation in the system has been studied. Finally, the system was solved numerically to confirm the results and understand the effect of changing parameter values on dynamic behavior. It has been found that, up to a critical value, the system is stabilized by the fear of susceptible predators; beyond that, predator extinction threatens the system. A similar observation has been made regarding the refuge rate. Nonetheless, the system dynamics are destabilized by the fear of the infected predators.

Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2025/8120929.pdf (application/pdf)
http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2025/8120929.xml (application/xml)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hin:jnljam:8120929

DOI: 10.1155/jama/8120929

Access Statistics for this article

More articles in Journal of Applied Mathematics from Hindawi
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Mohamed Abdelhakeem ().