A Coinfection Model of Bacterial Meningitis and Hepatitis B Diseases With Optimal Control and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Malede Atnaw Belay, Jeconia Abonyo Okelo, David Mwangi Theuri, Haileyesus Tessema Alemneh and Negesse Yizengaw Alemu

Journal of Applied Mathematics, 2025, vol. 2025, 1-32

Abstract: In this work, a compartmental model for the coinfection of bacterial meningitis and Hepatitis B was formulated and analyzed. The most sensitive parameters were identified, including the contact rates for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and bacterial meningitis, the progression rate of bacterial meningitis, and the recruitment rate. Based on the results of the sensitivity analysis, the system was extended into an optimal control model by incorporating four intervention strategies: bacterial meningitis prevention, Hepatitis B vaccination for susceptible individuals, and treatments for individuals infected with bacterial meningitis, those with chronic Hepatitis B, and those who are coinfected. The controls are characterized using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The optimality system is simulated using the forward–backward sweep Runge–Kutta scheme. Subsequently, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) analysis method is applied to determine the most cost-effective strategy. The results indicate that combining bacterial meningitis prevention efforts with Hepatitis B vaccination represents the most cost-effective intervention.

Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hin:jnljam:9015761

DOI: 10.1155/jama/9015761

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