Hume's Doubts About Politics: A Critique and Reimagining of Social Contract Theory

Li Gongqing, Muhammad Azizan Sabjan and Nur Izzaty Mohamad

Journal of Politics and Law, 2025, vol. 18, issue 2, 1

Abstract: This paper examines and assesses Hume's skepticism regarding the social contract theories of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau. Consequently, Hume, in response to the assertions of contractarians who argued that political power is founded on a contract among rational individuals, contended that political authority originates from custom, use, and historical precedent. His critique consequently refutes the function of reason in establishing the legitimacy of political institutions, contending that they develop over time. Hume adopts a radical enlightenment perspective, asserting that every revolution always results in political instability. The paper seeks to elucidate the political theories of David Hume and articulate the relevance of this philosopher's ideas in analyzing contemporary politics and political systems, as well as in assessing which political frameworks should be considered legitimate today. This research analyses Hume's perspectives on custom, gradualism, and the emotional foundation of political authority, providing a comprehensive account of political legitimacy in historical and present contexts.

Date: 2025
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