International Migration, Livelihood Strategy, and Poverty Cycle

Martua Sihaloho, Ekawati Sri Wahyuni, Rilus A. Kinseng and Sediono M.P. Tjondronegoro

Journal of Sustainable Development, 2016, vol. 9, issue 4, 113

Abstract: Poverty drove Indonesian poor households (e.g. their family members) to find other livelihoods. One popular choice is becoming an international migrant. This paper describes and analyzes the change in agrarian structure which causes dynamics in agrarian poverty. The study uses qualitative approach and constructivism paradigm. Research results showed that even if migration was dominated by farmer households from lower social class; it also served as livelihood strategy for middle and upper social classes. Improved economics brought dynamics on social reality. The dynamic accesses to agrarian resources consist of (1) horizontal social mobility (means that they stay in their previous social class); (2) vertical social mobility in the form of social climbing; low to middle class, low to upper class, and middle class to upper class; and, (3) vertical social mobility in the form of social sinking- upper class to middle class, upper class to lower class, and middle class to lower class. The dynamic in social classes indicates the presence of agrarian poverty cycle, they are social climbing and sinking.

Date: 2016
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ibn:jsd123:v:9:y:2016:i:4:p:113

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