Website Language Accessibility Checklist: A Tool for Assessing the Multilingual Accessibility of Health Websites

Shuping He, Noor Aireen Ibrahim and Myoung Sook Kang
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Shuping He: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
Noor Aireen Ibrahim: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
Myoung Sook Kang: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia

International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications (IJEHMC), 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-22

Abstract: Multilingualism is essential for digital health communication, yet there is no comprehensive tool to assess the multilingual accessibility of health websites. This study addresses this gap by developing the Website Language Accessibility Checklist (WLAC) through a three-phase mixed-methods approach. A systematic literature review of 53 studies from Web of Science, PubMed, and CINAHL Complete identified existing criteria, which were coded through thematic analysis and validated using inter-coder reliability (κ = 0.89). These preliminary criteria were refined by testing on 20 health websites to ensure usability and clarity. The final checklist comprises 10 criteria across two dimensions—availability and accessibility—offering an innovative framework for assessing the multilingual accessibility of health websites. This tool standardizes terminology, provides clear operational definitions, and offers practical guidance for healthcare organizations, web developers, and policymakers to enhance multilingual accessibility on digital health platforms.

Date: 2025
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