Embodying a Virtual Agent in a Self-Driving Car: A Survey-Based Study on User Perceptions of Trust, Likeability, and Anthropomorphism

Clarisse Lawson-Guidigbe, Nicolas Louveton, Kahina Amokrane-Ferka, Benoît Le Blanc and Jean-Marc André
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Clarisse Lawson-Guidigbe: Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP-ENSC, IMS, Talence, France
Nicolas Louveton: Université de Poitiers, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, CeRCA, Poitiers, France
Kahina Amokrane-Ferka: IRT SYSTEMX, Palaiseau, France
Benoît Le Blanc: Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP-ENSC, IMS, Talence, France
Jean-Marc André: Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP-ENSC, IMS, Talence, France

International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction (IJMHCI), 2023, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-18

Abstract: This article considers the visual appearance of a virtual agent designed to take over the driving task in a highly automated car, to answer the question of which visual appearance is appropriate for a virtual agent in a driving role. The authors first selected five models of visual appearance thanks to a picture sorting procedure (N = 19). Then, they conducted a survey-based study (N = 146) using scales of trust, anthropomorphism, and likability to assess the appropriateness of those five models from an early-prototyping perspective. They found that human and mechanical-human models were more trusted than other selected models in the context of highly automated cars. Instead, animal and mechanical-animal ones appeared to be less suited to the role of a driving assistant. Learnings from the methodology are discussed, and suggestions for further research are proposed.

Date: 2023
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