Modifications Required for Palm Oil to be Qualified as a Mechanical Lubricant

Muhammad Sharil Yahayaa, Nurliyana Abdul Raof, Zulkifli Ibrahim, Azniza Ahmad and Chandima Gomes
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Muhammad Sharil Yahayaa: Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
Nurliyana Abdul Raof: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
Zulkifli Ibrahim: Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
Azniza Ahmad: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
Chandima Gomes: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia & School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, WITS University, South Africa

International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering (IJMMME), 2019, vol. 9, issue 1, 50-66

Abstract: Adaptation of apt chemical modifications and incorporation of suitable additives, especially, nano-additives, could improve the properties of bio-lubricants derived from palm oil. This makes it one of the best alternatives to mineral oil lubricants. Possible chemical modifications are hydrogenation, esterification/ transesterification, epoxidation and metathesis. Feasible additives and nano-additives available in the market for minimizing the drawbacks of palm oil as a lubricant are ionic liquids, phosphorus, sulphur, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, metal, metal oxides, metal sulphides, carbonates, borates, carbon materials, organic materials, hexagonal boron nitride, alumina, CaO, CuO, ZnO, TiO2 and lanthanum borates. Few of them may not be environmental friendly. In line with market potentials and demand, it could be predicted that ROI of funding for the research and development of palm oil as a bio-lubricant may be significantly high. The study addresses tribological performance and properties, chemical modifications and formulation with additives of palm oil as a bio-lubricant.

Date: 2019
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