Examining the Factors that Influence how Instructors Provide Feedback in Online Learning Environments

Susan S. Conrad and Nada Dabbagh
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Susan S. Conrad: Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
Nada Dabbagh: George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA

International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design (IJOPCD), 2015, vol. 5, issue 4, 47-66

Abstract: Feedback is considered to be the bridge between what has been learned and what the student should know. Feedback can correct misconceptions, motivate learners, stimulate deep thinking, and guide future behavior. However, in the online environment instructors must rely upon technologies to deliver feedback to students. To better understand the prompts and processes for online delivery of feedback, a descriptive study of higher education instructors who teach online was conducted to discover what events trigger instructor feedback and what tools the instructors choose to administer this feedback to online students. Results of the study revealed that the chosen feedback delivery mode and method are impacted by an instructor's technology expertise, the class size, and audience composition and assessment type. The study revealed that instructors teaching online have transformed their pedagogy by purposively planning feedback methods into their course design and applying reflective methods into their teaching style.

Date: 2015
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International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design (IJOPCD) is currently edited by Chia-Wen Tsai

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