Automating Procurement Practices Using Artificial Intelligence

Xingyi Li (), Viviana Culmone (), Bert De Reyck () and Onesun Steve Yoo ()
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Xingyi Li: UCL School of Management, University College London, London E14 5AB, United Kingdom
Viviana Culmone: UCL School of Management, University College London, London E14 5AB, United Kingdom
Bert De Reyck: Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University, Singapore 178899
Onesun Steve Yoo: UCL School of Management, University College London, London E14 5AB, United Kingdom

Interfaces, 2025, vol. 55, issue 3, 195-223

Abstract: Conducting a spend analysis of procurement practices is a challenging task for manufacturers. It requires deciphering large-scale spend data in the form of unstructured texts and identifying opportunities for savings. This process relies on procurement experts’ know-how and is often performed manually, a laborious task often leading to missed savings opportunities. Automating spend analysis through natural language processing and machine learning presents several challenges, such as (i) a lack of true detailed category labels for suppliers, (ii) a lack of sufficiently large sets of training data, (iii) hierarchical taxonomies that vary across manufacturers, and (iv) the reduced accuracy of hierarchical categorization algorithms beyond two levels. Our novel three-component classification model tackles these issues, facilitating the automation of spend analysis and the replication of procurement experts’ decision-making processes. By processing input data composed of unstructured spend texts from Cranswick PLC, a leading UK food producer, our model delivers accurate supplier categorizations that pinpoint areas ripe for substantial savings. This approach not only shows greater accuracy compared with existing benchmark models but also aids in identifying key product categories and suppliers for cost-saving initiatives. By simulating the application, we project that our method could bring annual savings of £16 million to £22 million ($20 million to $28 million) for Cranswick PLC, illustrating the significant advantages of automating spend analysis.

Keywords: spend analysis; data-driven procurement; natural language processing; machine learning (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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