India’s Green Hydrogen Mission: A Strategic Path to Global Leadership

Sumeet Gupta and Sneha Sinha

Journal of Global Economy, 2024, vol. 20, issue 4, 211-230

Abstract: Green hydrogen has emerged as a key component of the global energy revolution as the world faces an urgent need to tackle climate change and move away from fossil fuels. India, a nation that mainly depends on imported coal and crude oil for its energy needs, is one of the countries set to play a significant part in this transition. In light of mounting worries about environmental sustainability and energy security, India is leading the way in adopting green hydrogen as a crucial element of its larger energy transition plan. The National Green Hydrogen Mission was introduced by the Indian government in January 2023 with the goal of making the nation a global leader in the production of green hydrogen, with an ambitious target of 5 million tonnes per year by 2030. The country has a great chance to increase the production of green hydrogen and lessen its carbon footprint because to its abundance of renewable energy resources, especially wind and solar power. Since most of India's hydrogen is now produced using fossil fuels in industries like ammonia manufacture and oil refining, the country's green hydrogen industry is still in its infancy. But the transition to green hydrogen—produced by water electrolysis driven by renewable energy—from grey hydrogen—derived from fossil fuels—is viewed as a game-changer for decarbonising industry and improving energy security. This case study delves into India’s green hydrogen landscape, exploring the opportunities, challenges, and strategic initiatives driving this transition. By examining the National Green Hydrogen Mission, key industry players, and potential export markets, the study outlines India’s path to becoming a global leader in green hydrogen production and export.

Keywords: Hydrogen; Energy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q42 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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