THE EFFECT OF R & D SPENDING ON THE MIDDLE INCOME TRAP: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

Muhammed Karanfä°l ()
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Muhammed Karanfä°l: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Ãœniversitesi/TÃœRKÄ°YE

JOURNAL OF LIFE ECONOMICS, 2016, vol. 3, issue 4, 219-234

Abstract: Middle-income trap expresses that the middle income group of countries have not reached high income group due to inability creating sufficient infrastructure development process in literature. Technological infrastructure-based R & D is increasing in order to get high income group for countries. Aim of study is an assessment of the role R & D on MIT for European Union and Turkey. In this paper effect of R & D on MIT was investigated for EU-28 and Turkey. Relationship among per capita income, R & D and savings were analyzed by using Westerlund Bootstrap Westerlund Durbin-Hausman cointegration and Hacker ve Hatemi-J bootstrap causality in panel data analysis. Among variables was found long-term relationship result of study. There is unidirectional causality was found from per capita income to R & D. But no causality effect was found from R & D to per capita income, and between other variables as well.

Keywords: Middle; income; trap; R&D; Savings; Panel; Data; Analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:jle:journl:v:3:y:2016:i:4:p:219-234

DOI: 10.15637/jlecon.146

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