Time–Frequency Connectedness Among NFT Assets

Rayenda Khresna Brahmana, Xiu Wei Yeap and Hooi Hooi Lean ()
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Rayenda Khresna Brahmana: Coventry University, School of Economics, Finance, and Accounting
Xiu Wei Yeap: James Cook University Singapore, Business Department
Hooi Hooi Lean: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Economics Program, School of Social Sciences

Computational Economics, 2025, vol. 66, issue 6, No 18, 4987-5013

Abstract: Abstract This paper explores the evolving dynamics of NFT Assets, focusing on their interdependence within digital asset portfolios. Utilizing a time–frequency connectedness approach, we investigate the direction of return spillovers among five NFT assets and observe that these spillovers change over time. Practically, the purpose is to reveal the portfolio benefits within NFT assets. Our analysis reveals that ENJ and MANA are identified as assets that primarily influence or transmit effects (net transmitter) to other related assets in the NFT ecosystem. DGB, THETA, and WAXP tend to receive or absorb changes from the broader NFT asset dynamics (net receivers). Furthermore, our analysis reveals that short-term shock transmissions predominantly drive asset connectedness, with limited influence from medium and long-term factors. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of NFT assets, highlighting the importance of adopting a flexible portfolio management and risk assessment approach.

Keywords: Time–frequency connectedness; Spillover effects; Market integration; NFT; Portfolio benefit (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s10614-025-10878-4

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