Beyond the Covid-19 pandemic: remote learning and education inequalities

Luca Bonacini () and Marina Murat

Empirica, 2023, vol. 50, issue 1, No 8, 207-236

Abstract: Abstract Is remote learning associated with education inequalities? We use PISA 2018 data from five European countries—France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom—to investigate whether education outcomes are related to the possession of the resources needed for distance learning. After controlling for a wide set of covariates, fixed effects, different specifications and testing the stability of coefficients, we find that remote learning is positively associated with average education outcomes, but also with strong and significant education inequalities. Our results show that negative gaps are larger where online schooling is more widespread, across countries, locations, and school types. More generally, remote learning inequalities appear to be associated with technological network externalities: they increase as digital education spreads. Policy makers must guarantee to all students and schools the possession of the resources needed for remote learning, but to reach this goal efficiently they must adapt their actions to the characteristics of countries, areas and school systems.

Keywords: Education inequalities; Remote learning; Technological networks; PISA; Covid-19 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: H52 I21 I24 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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DOI: 10.1007/s10663-022-09556-7

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