Fair allocation strategies for opioid settlements

Qiushi Chen (), Robert Newton and Paul Griffin
Additional contact information
Qiushi Chen: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Robert Newton: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Paul Griffin: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Health Care Management Science, 2025, vol. 28, issue 3, No 1, 335-356

Abstract: Abstract Multi-billion-dollar opioid settlement agreements have been reached with pharmaceutical manufacturers and distributors to address their liability in contributing to the opioid epidemic in the United States. These agreements stipulate that within the state, the settlement funds must be directly allocated to local government (e.g., counties) and used for abatement activities to remediate the harm of the opioid epidemic in communities. This naturally leads to an important question of how the funds should be distributed to meet the diverse needs of the counties consistently across all counties to be deemed fair. Although there exist various definitions of fairness in the literature, it remains unclear how to empirically quantify the fairness of settlement allocation based on data, which is crucial for developing evidence-based allocation policies. To fill this gap, we define two allocation fairness measures, deviation and maximum regret, and formulate the fair settlement allocation as convex optimization problems. To further enhance the interpretability of the allocation policies, we restrict the allocation to a weighted sum of the given empirical metrics. We apply our analytical framework in a case study of the settlement allocation in Pennsylvania using real-world empirical metrics. We identify the frontiers of the non-dominated allocation policies between min-deviation and minimax-regret allocations, which dominate all alpha fairness-based and formula-based allocation policies. All allocation policies show lower fairness (with higher deviation or maximum regret) in counties that are rural, low-income, and with lower-ranking health factors. The price of interpretability is more significant in terms of maximum regret compared with deviation.

Keywords: Fairness; Resource allocation; Opioid epidemic; Frontier; Disparity; Interpretability; Operations research (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10729-025-09716-8 Abstract (text/html)
Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:kap:hcarem:v:28:y:2025:i:3:d:10.1007_s10729-025-09716-8

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.springer.com/journal/10729

DOI: 10.1007/s10729-025-09716-8

Access Statistics for this article

Health Care Management Science is currently edited by Yasar Ozcan

More articles in Health Care Management Science from Springer
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().