Internationalisation patterns of academic spin-offs

Carmen Camelo-Ordaz (), Juan Pablo Dianez-Gonzalez (), Noelia Franco-Leal () and Elena Sousa-Ginel ()
Additional contact information
Carmen Camelo-Ordaz: University of Cádiz
Juan Pablo Dianez-Gonzalez: University of Cádiz
Noelia Franco-Leal: University of Cádiz
Elena Sousa-Ginel: Universidad Pablo de Olavide

Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 2025, vol. 23, issue 2, No 7, 449-469

Abstract: Abstract The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to analyse the international behaviour of academic spin-offs to explore the internationalisation patterns followed by these companies, considering precocity, scale, and scope as the key dimensions of the internationalisation process. The second objective is to discern whether academic spin-offs that follow different patterns present distinctive characteristics. To test the hypotheses, a cluster analysis, a series of ANOVA analyses of variance and post hoc tests were performed on a sample of 161 Spanish academic spin-offs. Results show that 49% of these firms do not internationalise and that three patterns of internationalisation exist in academic spin-offs: true born global, sporadic born global, and born again global. On the other hand, the results also reveal distinctive antecedent factors among the different internationalisation patterns. Thus, international industrial networks and management team functional heterogeneity are more relevant in academic spin-offs that follow the true born global and the born again global patterns, while global technological competence is significant for all three internationalisation patterns, and international academic networks present minor importance for the internationalisation process developed by academic spin-offs.

Keywords: Academic spin-offs; Internationalisation patterns; Born global firms; Technological competence; Networks; Functional heterogeneity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F23 I23 L26 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10843-025-00373-0 Abstract (text/html)
Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:kap:jinten:v:23:y:2025:i:2:d:10.1007_s10843-025-00373-0

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.springer. ... ip/journal/10843/PS2

DOI: 10.1007/s10843-025-00373-0

Access Statistics for this article

Journal of International Entrepreneurship is currently edited by Hamid Etemad

More articles in Journal of International Entrepreneurship from Springer
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().