Income Differences of Chinese Sub-ethnic Groups in Canada

Eric Fong () and Pui Kwan Man ()
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Eric Fong: The University of Hong Kong
Pui Kwan Man: Hong Kong Shue Yan University

Population Research and Policy Review, 2023, vol. 42, issue 2, No 12, 27 pages

Abstract: Abstract The study of sub-ethnicity acknowledges that an ethnic group may have diversity despite common cultural roots. It recognizes that historical developments due to colonialism and global labor migration have led to the diaspora of some ethnic groups, resulting in sub-identities within a group. International migration brings together people from different continents who were originally from the same ethnic group but now have sub-ethnic group identities. In this study, we contribute to the understanding of sub-ethnicity in three ways. First, we develop a framework for understanding sub-ethnicity. Second, we utilize the 2016 Canadian census, and a socio-historical understanding of different waves of Chinese arriving in Canada, to develop a scheme to categorize different sub-ethnic Chinese groups. We document that there are considerable differences in income among these sub-groups. Finally, we conduct multivariate analysis to explain how the unique socio-demographic background of each sub-ethnic group shapes their income attainment.

Keywords: Sub-ethnic groups; Income differences; Immigration; Chinese (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1007/s11113-023-09758-2

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