VIX maturity interpolation

Torben G. Andersen (), Oleg Bondarenko () and Maria T. Gonzalez-Perez ()
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Torben G. Andersen: Northwestern University
Oleg Bondarenko: University of Illinois at Chicago
Maria T. Gonzalez-Perez: Banco de España

Review of Derivatives Research, 2025, vol. 28, issue 1, No 4, 40 pages

Abstract: Abstract The VIX index is computed as a weighted average of two model-free option-implied variance measures for maturities around 30 days. This induces an interpolation error which, prior to 2014 (old VIX), could be sizable and especially pertinent under stressed market conditions. We quantify the VIX interpolation errors and identify underlying sources. We show the change to include weekly options for the VIX calculation in 2014 (new VIX) led to a tenfold average error reduction, eliminating them as a practical concern. Thus, the gap between the old and new VIX measure is a good proxy for the interpolation error. Moreover, the new Cboe VIX calculation is not backdated, so the series displays different statistical properties before and after 2014. Our analysis is relevant for a broad set of VIX-style indices worldwide, since nearly all such measures are computed exclusively from monthly options. In addition, there is growing interest in shorter-horizon VIX indices, and for such measures the interpolation errors amplify notably. Our analysis facilitates assessment of these errors and offers guidance for new robust computational algorithms. We exemplify this via an analysis of the 9-day VIX index. Finally, we compare the interpolation scheme for VIX to a pair of existing alternatives also based on monthly options. We find that such modifications can reduce the average errors, but they are neither uniformly superior nor do they resolve the basic issue satisfactorily.

Keywords: VIX; Model-free implied volatility; Maturity interpolation; Weekly options; Historical simulation; G13; C58 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s11147-025-09210-x

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