INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF POWDER AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA, OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM AND DRACAENA ARBOREA AGAINST NYMPHS OF THE DOMESTIC PEST PERIPLANETA AMERICANA (DICTYOPTERA: BLATELLIDAE)

Rosemary Boate Ukoroije and Rosetta Bekinwari Bobmanuel
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Rosemary Boate Ukoroije: Department of Biological sciences, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa state, Nigeria
Rosetta Bekinwari Bobmanuel: Department of Biology, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Noble International Journal of Scientific Research, 2019, vol. 3, issue 12, 117-135

Abstract: Laboratory studies aimed at assessing the efficacy of leaf powders and ethanol extracts of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum gratissimum and Dracaena arborea applied at various concentrations of 10-50 in controlling the nymphs of Periplaneta americana through contact toxicity test via filter paper and by topical application with five replications. The results showed significant differences (p?0.05) between the treatments and the controls with mean mortality values from leaf powder as: 00 (control): 0.5±0.20, 0.6±0.20, 0.5±0.20; 10g: 9.8±2.60, 9.5±2.60, 5.3±1.80; 20g: 14.5±3.30, 12.8±2.90, 7.0±2.30; 30g: 17.8±3.60, 15.5±3.30, 8.8±2.60; 40g: 20.3±2.90, 17.0±3.60, 10.3±2.60, 50g: 23.5±4.10, 22.0±3.90, 12.5±2.90; Contact toxicity by topical application of ethanolic extracts gave control: 0.6±0.20, 0.25±0.1, 0.6±0.20; 10ml: 16.3±3.40, 12.0±2.80, 10.3±2.60; 20ml: 19.5±3.60, 16.3±3.40, 12.8±2.90; 30ml: 23.3±4.00, 19.3±3.80, 14.5±3.30; 40ml: 26.5±4.60, 22.3±3.90, 17.0±3.60, 50ml: 27.3±4.60, 24.8±4.20, 21.3±3.90 while contact toxicity on filter paper, recorded mortality values of control: 0.6±0.20, 0.0±0.00, 0.6±0.20; 10ml: 16.5±3.50, 12.0±2.80, 9.8±2.60; 20ml: 19.0±3.80, 17.0±3.60, 12.0±2.80; 30ml: 24.0±4.20, 19.3±3.80, 14.3±3.30; 40ml: 26.0±4.60, 20.8±3.90, 16.5±3.50, 50ml: 27.0±4.60, 25.0±4.30, 21.0±3.90 respectively for A. indica, O. gratissimum and D. arborea treatments. All treatments proved effective and nymph mortality was concentration dependent, however A. indica ethanolic extract treatments were most significantly bioactive. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of active ingredients such as saponins, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols with larvicidal and insecticidal properties when utilized in powder or extract forms. Finally, botanicals as reported by literature, have no toxic effects on man, are eco-environmental friendly and locally available, hence should be utilized in biological pest management practices and control systems.

Keywords: Azadirachta indica; Ocimum gratissimum; Dracaena arborea; Periplaneta americana; Nymphs; Mortality; Contact Toxicity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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