Lending practices to same-sex borrowers

Hua Sun () and Lei Gao ()
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Hua Sun: Department of Finance, Ivy College of Business, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
Lei Gao: Department of Finance, Ivy College of Business, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019, vol. 116, issue 19, 9293-9302

Abstract: Using massive US mortgage lending data, we propose a method to infer a borrower’s sexual orientation indirectly without a self-identification requirement and demonstrate the method’s potential to approximately measure the sexual orientation of the US population at the local level annually over decades. We continue to examine the lending practices to same-sex borrowers and its spillover effects. The persistent results since 1990 reveal that, in contrast with otherwise comparable different-sex loan applicants, the approval rate for same-sex applicants is ∼3–8% lower. Furthermore, conditional on approval, lenders, on average, charge about 0.02–0.2% higher interest to same-sex borrowers, which is equivalent to an annual total of $8.6 million to $86 million in additional interest/fees nationwide. Meanwhile, we find that same-sex borrowers are less risky overall, as they exhibit similar default risk but lower prepayment risk. Finally, we document findings of spillover effects. That is, when the share of a neighborhood’s same-sex population increases, both same-sex and different-sex borrowers seem to experience more unfavorable lending outcomes overall. The findings should raise enough concerns to warrant further investigations.

Keywords: same-sex; LGBT; mortgage; credit rationing; HMDA (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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