Health and economic impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in hindering antimicrobial resistance in China

Ember (Yiwei) Lu, Hui-Han Chen, Hongqing Zhao and Sachiko Ozawa
Additional contact information
Ember (Yiwei) Lu: Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
Hui-Han Chen: Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
Hongqing Zhao: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Sachiko Ozawa: Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021, vol. 118, issue 13, e2004933118

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to global public health. However, vaccinations have been largely undervalued as a method to hinder AMR progression. This study examined the AMR impact of increasing pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) coverage in China. China has one of the world’s highest rates of antibiotic use and low PCV coverage. We developed an agent-based DREAMR (Dynamic Representation of the Economics of AMR) model to examine the health and economic benefits of slowing AMR against commonly used antibiotics. We simulated PCV coverage, pneumococcal infections, antibiotic use, and AMR accumulation. Four antibiotics to treat pneumococcal diseases (penicillin, amoxicillin, third-generation cephalosporins, and meropenem) were modeled with antibiotic utilization, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics factored into predicting AMR accumulation. Three PCV coverage scenarios were simulated over 5 y: 1) status quo with no change in coverage, 2) scaled coverage increase to 99% in 5 y, and 3) accelerated coverage increase to 85% over 2 y followed by 3 y to reach 99% coverage. Compared to the status quo, we found that AMR against penicillin, amoxicillin, and third-generation cephalosporins was significantly reduced by 6.6%, 10.9%, and 9.8% in the scaled scenario and by 10.5%, 17.0%, and 15.4% in the accelerated scenario. Cumulative costs due to AMR, including direct and indirect costs to patients and caretakers, were reduced by $371 million in the scaled and $586 million in the accelerated scenarios compared to the status quo. AMR-reducing benefits of vaccines are essential to quantify in order to drive appropriate investment.

Keywords: antibiotic resistance; vaccine; immunization; pneumonia; China (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.pnas.org/content/118/13/e2004933118.full (application/pdf)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nas:journl:v:118:y:2021:p:e2004933118

Access Statistics for this article

More articles in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Bibliographic data for series maintained by PNAS Product Team ().