Distribution of capitalized benefits from land conservation

Corey Lang (), Jarron VanCeylon and Amy W. Ando
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Corey Lang: a Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI 02881
Jarron VanCeylon: a Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI 02881
Amy W. Ando: c Resources for the Future , Washington , DC 20036

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2023, vol. 120, issue 18, e2215262120

Abstract:

Land conservation efforts throughout the United States sustain ecological benefits while generating wealth in the housing market through capitalization of amenities. This paper estimates the benefits of conservation that are capitalized into proximate home values and quantifies how those benefits are distributed across demographic groups. Using detailed property and household-level data from Massachusetts, we estimate that new land conservation led to $62 million in new housing wealth equity. However, houses owned by low-income or Black or Hispanic households are less likely to be located near protected areas, and hence, these populations are less likely to benefit financially. Direct study of the distribution of this new wealth from capitalized conservation is highly unequal, with the richest quartile of households receiving 43%, White households receiving 91%, and the richest White households receiving 40%, which is nearly 140% more than would be expected under equal distribution. We extend our analysis using census data for the entire United States and observe parallel patterns. We estimate that recent land conservation generated $9.8 billion in wealth through the housing market and that wealthier and White households benefited disproportionately. These findings suggest regressive and racially disparate incidence of the wealth benefits of land conservation policy.

Keywords: land conservation; open space; environmental justice; housing; non-market valuation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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