Fine-scale tundra vegetation patterns are strongly related to winter thermal conditions

Pekka Niittynen (), Risto K. Heikkinen, Juha Aalto, Antoine Guisan, Julia Kemppinen and Miska Luoto
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Pekka Niittynen: University of Helsinki
Risto K. Heikkinen: Finnish Environment Institute
Juha Aalto: University of Helsinki
Antoine Guisan: University of Lausanne
Julia Kemppinen: University of Helsinki
Miska Luoto: University of Helsinki

Nature Climate Change, 2020, vol. 10, issue 12, 1143-1148

Abstract: Abstract Harsh winters are a characteristic element of Arctic ecosystems, yet the importance of winter conditions for Arctic plant communities is still underrepresented in climate change impact studies. Here, we use fine-scale microclimate data with plot-scale records of vascular plants, lichens and bryophytes from three Arctic areas, and show that topographically heterogeneous tundra holds marked spatial variation, especially in winter temperatures. Winter conditions are the strongest environmental variable related to the fine-scale patterns in tundra vegetation, whereas summer temperatures mainly explain the coarse-scale differences among the Arctic areas. Nonetheless, the three plant groups (and also individual species) show often contrasting and complex responses along the local environmental gradients. Our results highlight the importance of local conditions and heterogeneity for tundra plants, and knowing that the Arctic winters are warming faster than summers, a greater focus should be placed on winter conditions in simulations of climate change impacts in tundra ecosystems.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41558-020-00916-4

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