The meaning of net zero and how to get it right

Sam Fankhauser (), Stephen M. Smith, Myles Allen, Kaya Axelsson, Thomas Hale, Cameron Hepburn, J. Michael Kendall, Radhika Khosla, Javier Lezaun, Eli Mitchell-Larson, Michael Obersteiner, Lavanya Rajamani, Rosalind Rickaby, Nathalie Seddon and Thom Wetzer
Additional contact information
Stephen M. Smith: University of Oxford
Myles Allen: University of Oxford
Kaya Axelsson: University of Oxford
Thomas Hale: University of Oxford
Cameron Hepburn: University of Oxford
J. Michael Kendall: University of Oxford
Radhika Khosla: University of Oxford
Javier Lezaun: University of Oxford
Eli Mitchell-Larson: University of Oxford
Michael Obersteiner: University of Oxford
Lavanya Rajamani: University of Oxford
Rosalind Rickaby: University of Oxford
Nathalie Seddon: University of Oxford
Thom Wetzer: University of Oxford

Nature Climate Change, 2022, vol. 12, issue 1, 15-21

Abstract: Abstract The concept of net-zero carbon emissions has emerged from physical climate science. However, it is operationalized through social, political and economic systems. We identify seven attributes of net zero, which are important to make it a successful framework for climate action. The seven attributes highlight the urgency of emission reductions, which need to be front-loaded, and of coverage of all emission sources, including currently difficult ones. The attributes emphasize the need for social and environmental integrity. This means carbon dioxide removals should be used cautiously and the use of carbon offsets should be regulated effectively. Net zero must be aligned with broader sustainable development objectives, which implies an equitable net-zero transition, socio-ecological sustainability and the pursuit of broad economic opportunities.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41558-021-01245-w

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