Precipitation trends determine future occurrences of compound hot–dry events

Emanuele Bevacqua (), Giuseppe Zappa, Flavio Lehner and Jakob Zscheischler
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Emanuele Bevacqua: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
Giuseppe Zappa: National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC)
Flavio Lehner: Cornell University
Jakob Zscheischler: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ

Nature Climate Change, 2022, vol. 12, issue 4, 350-355

Abstract: Abstract Compound hot–dry events—co-occurring hot and dry extremes—frequently cause damages to human and natural systems, often exceeding separate impacts from heatwaves and droughts. Strong increases in the occurrence of these events are projected with warming, but associated uncertainties remain large and poorly understood. Here, using climate model large ensembles, we show that mean precipitation trends exclusively modulate the future occurrence of compound hot–dry events over land. This occurs because local warming will be large enough that future droughts will always coincide with at least moderately hot extremes, even in a 2 °C warmer world. By contrast, precipitation trends are often weak and equivocal in sign, depending on the model, region and internal climate variability. Therefore, constraining regional precipitation trends will also constrain future compound hot–dry events. These results help to assess future frequencies of other compound extremes characterized by strongly different trends in the drivers.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41558-022-01309-5

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